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How Does ADHD Medication Work? When one neuron sends an information to another, it makes use of neurotransmitters or chemicals. These chemicals must cross a tiny gap known as a synapse. Certain ADHD medications boost the effectiveness of these messages. They may help neurons release neurotransmitters more frequently or slow down the reuptake (called reuptake inhibiters). Doctors start people with ADHD on a low dose of medication and then observe their reactions. They adjust the dosage over time to determine a “sweet place” -the lowest dosage that provides noticeable improvement in symptoms, with minimal adverse side effects. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate the first medication that doctors use to treat ADHD children, is usually Methylphenidate. It helps by increasing the levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in the brains of children which aids them in focusing and pay attention. It also reduces the impulsivity and hyperactivity of children. It is important to keep in mind that methylphenidate is a controlled drug and should only be used under the supervision of a physician. The most common methylphenidate medication is Ritalin. It is available in tablets that release immediately (Ritalin, Concerta, or Quillichew ER) chewable tablets that are long-acting (Cotempla XR-ODT or Adhansia XR) or long-acting capsules (Adhansia PM or Jornay PM). Certain versions of this medication contain artificial sweeteners such as aspartame, which can be harmful for those suffering from Phenylketonuria (an genetic condition that can cause severe intellectual disabilities). Make sure you inform your provider about any food allergies you or your child has. Researchers have found that methylphenidate can reduce aberrant activity, specifically in the nucleus of accumbens as well as a network of brain networks that are involved in regulating adaptive control. This could explain why methylphenidate has been found to be among the most effective drugs for treating ADHD. The effects of stimulants can be averted that can include the loss of appetite, sleepiness, stomach upset headache, anxiety, disturbances, and tics. They aren't common, but they could be serious. It is important to consult your doctor immediately if you notice any of these symptoms. It is also important to inform your doctor if you or your child has allergies, the presence of heart disease, bipolar disorder, depression or other mental health problems, glaucoma, a history of seizures or strokes or if you're taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) like isocarboxazid (Marplan) or linezolid (Zyvox) or methylene blue, or phenelzine (Nardil). It is crucial to take your methylphenidate according to the doctor's prescription. Amphetamines Amphetamines speed up messages between brain cells and can help you concentrate your thoughts and avoid distractions. They are the most commonly used drugs used to treat ADHD in both adults and children. They boost the levels of neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine in your brain. Amphetamines are available in both short-acting (immediate-release) and intermediate or long-acting versions. They can be ingested and also via injection. Some people have a hard to deal with the negative side effects of stimulant medication including restlessness, difficulty sleeping or an increase in blood pressure and heart rate. Your doctor will monitor your symptoms and adjust the dosage to determine the most effective one for you. Some people may need to take a combination of drugs to achieve the desired effects. The effects of stimulants are primarily on two neurotransmitters in the prefrontal cortex. This is the part of the brain which regulates emotions and manages your behavior. These drugs are prescribed for a wide variety of mental health issues that include ADD/ADHD, as well as other disorders like depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, narcolepsy, and eating disorders. The most common kinds of stimulant drugs include amphetamines and methylphenidates. The FDA has approved a variety of brand-name stimulants to treat ADHD. They are available in various forms, ranging from short-acting to long-acting. They are injected either by injection or orally. Amphetamines are often abused by teenagers who use them to keep awake and study for tests, or by truck drivers and students who need more energy for endurance sports. Amphetamines may cause psychological and physical problems when used improperly, especially in higher doses. Non-stimulant drugs are also effective in treating ADHD. They include atomoxetine, clonidine, and Guanfacine. They are in the same class as antidepressants and belong to the norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors and alpha-2 adrenergic agonists classes. They are built on the same chemical that stimulants do, however they are less likely to trigger tics in people with Tourette syndrome. Short-acting stimulants These medicines are used to treat teens and children with ADHD. They can be consumed by mouth or applied on the skin. They are available in patches and liquids as well as pills that can be chewed or swallowed. These drugs are usually only available with a prescription. These include methylphenidate (brand names Ritalin (Concerta, Focalin (Daytrana), andamphetamines, (Adderall (Dexedrine, Vyvanse)). Short-acting stimulants are fast-acting and last for 3 to 6 hours. These medications ease the symptoms of 70 percent to 80% of children and adults with ADHD. They can reduce the need to fidget and interruptions, and make it easier for you to complete your tasks. They can also enhance academic performance and improve relationships. However, they can't address the root issues that cause ADHD. It is crucial to integrate the two therapies with behavior therapy. It is also important to know that ADHD medicines have side effects. They can make you drowsy or cranky, and could interfere with your sleep. These effects are usually mild and will disappear when the medication has left your system. Your doctor will probably suggest you take an initial dose of a small amount and then increase it gradually. They'll monitor how the medication affects your child or you and also look for any signs of problems. Finding the best medication for your child or yourself may take some time. It is best to communicate openly with your health care team. They may suggest changes to how often you or your child take the medication or even if it's needed at all. They'll also want to know whether you or your child is suffering from any other mental or medical health issues. Intermediate stimulants Stimulants help to manage ADHD symptoms by altering the neurotransmitter activity of the brain. adhd medications uk can increase the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine, two chemicals that are vital to the functioning of the pre-frontal cortex of the brain (think of it as your “secretary” in the executive functioning part of your brain). The majority of kids with ADHD respond well to stimulant medications. Your doctor can help you determine the right dosage and medication for you. It is possible to try different types of medication before finding the one that is most effective for you or your child. These stimulants can be taken in chewable tablets or liquid form. These drugs perform quickly and last for up to four hours. The “crash effect” occurs when the medicine wears out. This is evident by a sudden reduction in energy levels as well as an intense hunger. Long-acting stimulants (like dexamfetamine and lisdexamfetamine) are also available. These are more complicated and require prescriptions. They are injected into the bloodstream and are then converted from inactive active in red blood cells. It takes time to determine the right medication, dosage and schedule for you or your child. Your doctor will keep track of how you react to the medication and will be on the lookout for any issues like trouble sleeping. If you or your child isn't responding well to stimulants, they'll also discuss non-stimulant medication. Never stop or change your ADHD medications without first consulting your physician. It's also important to inform your doctor about any over-the counter supplements and medications you're taking, as certain of them may interfere with certain ADHD medications. Long-acting stimulants For 70-80% of adults and children with ADHD stimulant medications work in reducing hyperactivity, interrupting behavior, fidgeting and impulsivity. They can also improve focus and help people finish their tasks and maintain relationships. However, they might not reduce moodiness or other problematic symptoms. And they can have negative effects, such as sleepiness, loss of appetite stomachaches, jitteriness, changes in heart rhythm, and high blood pressure. These medications work in phases to treat ADHD symptoms all day long. The majority of these medications begin to work in 30 to 60 minutes and fade after 3 to 6 hours. They are often used in conjunction with other forms of ADHD treatment like behavioral therapy. Some of these stimulants with long-acting effects, including Atomoxetine (Strattera) and Guanfacine-ER (Intuniv) will last throughout the night and into the next morning. Some doctors suggest using them to fill an afternoon trough, so patients do not require a second dose of medication during school or afterschool. Long-acting stimulants don't increase dopamine levels as dramatically as short- and intermediate-acting drugs, but they do boost them significantly. They don't have the same effects on rebound as stimulants that have shorter-acting effects. Due to the potential for negative side effects Because of the potential for side effects, long-acting stimulants are generally prescribed as a last-line treatment for adults and older teens suffering from ADHD. However, they can be used as a first-line treatment option for certain people with ADHD who haven't been able to respond to other medications. While medication can improve concentration and self-control, it's not the sole solution for those suffering from ADHD. With the help of a good night's sleep habits, healthy diets and other self-help methods it's possible to reduce or even eliminate the need for ADHD medication.